Iran's Military Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Iran's Military Assessment - Essay Example As discussed above that the Iranian Military strategy has changed since the revolution of 1979 and as such its overall focus in on maintaining the regime and strengthening its hold over the power. 2In order to secure the regime, Iranian military is therefore focused upon the deterrence strategy. Further, the strategy is also focused upon surviving against hard military threats from US and Israel and as Iran continue to hold a military and foreign policy in a manner which is targeted at US and Israel. (Eisenstadt 2001) Iran’s overall composition of forces is based upon holding more than 2 different military build-ups which are focused upon overseeing different strategic objectives of the country. The military as such comprised of Army, Navy and Air force however, it is also supported by the Army of the Guardians of Islamic Revolution. The Army of Guardians of Islamic Revolution has its own factions of air, sea and ground forces. Iran has more than 500,000 ground forces which form the part of Iranian Military whereas the Army of the Guardians of Islamic Revolution has estimated to have more 120,000 personnel. Iran also has a separate paramilitary force which has approximately 100,000 personnel. The paramilitary force is also believed to have more than a million reserve personnel who can be called upon if needed.3 Iran’s naval force, its overall composition as well as proficiency is based upon Islamic Revolution, Iran’s overall relationships with its neighbors and to some extent Petroleum too. Iran’s Navy is also split into two parts i.e. the one which existed during Shah Era and the one which was created after revolution. Iran’s Naval force is mainly based in it’s the Strait of Hormuz which is only 90 nautical miles long and 35 nautical miles wide.4 Iran’s naval proficiency is based upon its doctrine of asymmetric war which Iran

Employment - Management Essay Example for Free

Employment Management Essay For the longest time I could not decide on a major and a career to study throughout college. When I came to Georgia Southern University I discovered that they had a major that was very interesting to me. Sport Management id the ideal major for my interest and me. Since I love sports I figured that this would be the career for me. A degree in Sport Management helps to prepare for success in sport related occupations. The job market varies in the field of sport management. Some occupational opportunities include: athletic trainer, coach, sports official, Sports agent, camp director, sporting goods sales/dealer, pro scout, athletic director, sport promoter. The list can go on of the opportunities in this career. Mostly anything sport related in todays business world is included also. The nature of a person in a sport management career is based solely around sports. Depending on what occupation you decide to pursue the work and conditions will differ. Some typical activities are, plan and direct athletic events, represent professional athletes, plan and direct the training of the team players, evaluate skills and potential of players, or work extensively with players, coaches, officials, managers etc. The work condition can vary with different jobs or tasks. A scout will be called on to travel about 3/4 of the time. Athletic directors handle the athletics of their prospective schools along with coaches. A sports agent working conditions can involve a lot of long hours and extended pressure. Some employment settings are colleges/universities, camps, sporting goods stores, management firms, professional teams, fitness centers and the media. The job outlook for most careers in Sport Management is fair to good. Sport Management is one of the fastest growing fields of study in the country. With that there will lots of job openings and new businesses starting. Some jobs in this field are limited. For instance, anything dealing with professional teams is limited due to the number of sports teams. Successes in the teams help with salary and benefits for the employees. Most jobs in the sport management field are setup to where an employee must work his or her way up the ladder. For example, the job may ask the employee to assist in work and the salaries are not as high. In some jobs such as being a general manager of a professional team the job is to an extent being in the right place at the right time. Careers in sport management require some necessary in order to be successful. Being able to communicate effectively is a very important skill in this career. Giving Speeches is one part of communication that is important. Decision Making, Organizing, Leading/Coordinating and being able to motivate others is also critical in the career. Qualifications for most jobs require a bachelors degree, sport experience and management training.

Donor-transmitted Melanoma Case Study

Donor-transmitted Melanoma Case Study Lakshmi Rangaswamy, D.O., Kim Jordan, MD., FACP, Ronald deAndrade, MD Introduction Organ transplant recipients are at an increased risk of developing malignancy, estimated to occur in 15-20% of graft recipients after 10 years. Most malignancies occur de novo or as recurrence of previously treated disease, related to immunosuppression and oncogenic viruses. Donor-transmitted tumors are rare. From 1994 – 2001, the US Transplant tumor registry reported 18 donor-related cancers in 108,062 recipients. Case Presentation History A 66-year-old female presents with abdominal fullness, fevers, chills and malaise for 1 week’s time. Admitted to transplant service to rule out rejection. Past Medical History End Stage Renal Disease status post cadaveric renal transplant 3 months prior Hypertension Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 -Anemia of chronic disease Social History: No tobacco, alcohol, or drug abuse Medications: (do I really need strength and frequency?) Amlodipine 10 mg daily Aspirin 81 mg daily Bactrim 160 mg daily Carvedilol 25 mg twice daily Clotrimazole 10 mg troche three times daily Insulin Lispro 10 units with meals Lantus 20 units in AM Myofortic 360 mg 2 tablets twice daily Prednisone 10 mg daily Tacrolimus 2mg twice daily Valcyte 450 mg 2 tablets daily Physical exam VITALS: T 100.1, BP 133/60, HR 71, Resp 18, SpO2 99% on RA, nonoliguric Neck: no lymphadenopathy, no carotid bruits Cardiovascular: regular rate and rhythm, no clicks, gallops, rubs, no lower extremity edema Lungs: clear to auscultation bilaterally, no rales or wheezes Abdomen: soft, well healed Gibson incision in RLQ, no graft tenderness, no organomegaly Skin: no rashes or lesions noted on skin Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies (insert images) WBC 3.94 K/mcl; Hgb 9.8 g/dL (patient’s baseline); platelets 104 K/mcl LDH 747 U/L Creatinine 1.72 mg/dL on the day of admission (baseline 1.02 two months prior, after transplant). During the hospital course, her renal failure worsened with creatinine reaching 8.08 mg/dL and patient requiring intermittent hemodialysis CT of the abdomen with contrast and PET scan Findings compatible with metastatic disease to the liver, spleen, bones, and probably lungs. MRI Abdomen/pelvis A few indeterminate T1 and T2 hyperintense lesions in the periphery of the transplant kidney, suspicious for neoplasm. Innumerable bone marrow and splenic lesions, suspicious for hemorrhagic metastasis MRI of brain Diffuse bony metastases, no signs of intraparenchymal metastasis PET: Positive for multiple lesions in the transplant kidney, bone, and spleen. CT guided Bone marrow biopsy: Metastatic malignant neoplasm, quite consistent with metastatic malignant melanoma **Within days of patient’s admission, it was discovered that the recipient of the liver from the same donor developed melanoma within the transplanted liver and the recipient of the mate kidney had developed melanoma in the renal allograft. **The transplant center reported no known history of donor melanoma and normal visual inspection of donor organs at time of transplant. Clinical Course Patient elected to undergo allograft nephrectomy. Surgical pathology of removed donor kidney confirmed malignant melanoma that was BRAF-V600E mutation positive (insert histo slide of melanoma in kidney) Patient was taken off of all immunosuppressive therapy and was started on chemotherapy with zelboraf and immunotherapy with ipilimumab (completed 4 months of zelboraf and 4 cycles of ipilimumab) Patient currently off of chemotherapy, and undergoes repeat imaging every month. At 6 months, CT body from 6 months â€Å"demonstrates basically stable disease.† This patient is now undergoing hemodialysis for her end stage renal disease The two other recipients died from metastatic melanoma found in the transplanted liver and renal allograft; this patient is the sole survivor of the transplanted melanoma. Transmission of melanoma by organ transplantation (VIPER) Not only is melanoma the most common fatal form of skin cancer, it is the most common tumor responsible for donor-derived malignancy. The late disease recurrence of melanoma is related to the dormancy of melanoma. Major theories for the dormancy of melanoma include cell-cycle arrest and blocked angiogenesis. Per Lancet article entitled â€Å"Transmission of donor melanoma by organ transplantation,† late recurrence of dormant melanoma can occur because of micrometastases or solitary dormant cells. Dormant micrometastasis occurs because of the inability for angiogenesis; therefore there is an equilibrium between cell proliferation and apoptosis and thus an inability of malignant cell growth. In dormant solitary cells, there is an absence of proliferation or apoptosis, in essence a pause in cell growth. Because of these theories, it is possible that these dormant cells stay latent in immunocompetent individuals for decades and even forever, but the immunosuppression of the organ recipient can reactivate the melanoma cells. Transplantation for end-stage organ disease has become routine care with resultant increased demand for donor organs. With increased public awareness and donor pool expansion, many transplant programs are easing criteria for selection by accepting older donors and those with remote history of low-grade skin cancers and/or remote â€Å"cured cancers.† A recent study reported 23 cases of donor-transmitted melanoma from 12 separate donors between 1972 and 2006. Only 2 donors had known history of melanoma and one case of fatal melanoma occurred from a donor who had surgically removed melanoma sixteen years prior to donation. History of melanoma remains a contraindication to organ donation given melanoma high transmission rate of 74% and mortality of 58%. Treatment of donor-related melanoma involves withdrawing immunosuppression and allowing the body to reject the transplanted organ, followed by explantation of the allograft carrying the melanoma cells. Summary Melanoma incidence in the general population is increasing, but whether this will translate into increased incidence of donor-transmitted melanoma and resultant increased mortality remains to be determined. Physicians must not only discuss risks of malignancy with transplant candidates, but also carefully question all donors and their family about recent and remote malignancy, particularly melanoma, given its high transmission rate and mortality. Patients with any history of melanoma, whether it be in the early stages or cured, showed not be considered as organ donors. References Geller, A.,et al (2013). Melanoma Epidemic: An Analysis of Six Decades of Data From the Connecticut Tumor Registry.Journal of Clinical Oncology,31, 4172-4178. Geller, A.,et al (2014). Screening and early detection of melanoma. Retrieved January 1,  2014, from http://www.uptodate.com/ Morris-Stiff, G.,et al (2004). Transmission of Donor Melanoma to Multiple Organ  Transplant Recipients.American Journal of Transplantation,10, 444-446. Strauss, D. (2010). Transmission of donor melanoma by organ transplantation. Lancet  Oncology, 11, 790-796. Retrieved from www.thelancet.com/oncology

Eating Disorders Essay -- essays research papers fc

An eating disorder is an illness that involves an unhealthy feeling about the food we eat. â€Å"Eating disorders affect 5-10 millions Americans and 70 million individuals worldwide† (www.eatingdisorderinfo.org 1). They also affect many people from women, men, children, from all ages and different races. People who have eating disorders usually see themselves as being fat when they really aren’t. This usually deals with women or teenage girls mostly. They watch television, movies, read articles in magazines, and see pictures of the celebrities whom they want to be like because they have the â€Å"ideal body† that everyone wants and craves for. The media makes us all think we need those types of bodies to be happy with ourselves, be more successful in life, and be perfect. Starving yourself or eating less amounts of food doesn’t help you get the â€Å"ideal body† that you desire to have. This shows that you lack self-esteem and only want to see what other people see in life. This may impinge on people who are alone and want to get attention and by doing this they want to be thin. There are many different kinds of eating disorders that people are affected with. For example, there is Anorexia Nervosa, which deals with not eating regularly or eats little amounts of food or not eating at all. There is also Bulimia Nervosa, which is when a person eats a large amount of food and then binges or purges after to get rid of the food they just put into the body. Lastly there is the Binge eating disorder. This disorder is when a person keeps a secret from everyone of their excessive eating. â€Å"Women make up more than 90 percent of people with these eating disorders† (www.4woman.gov 1).â€Å"However, young women are most vulnerable, particularly between the ages 15-25 years† (www.edauk.com 1). Women are more likely to be anorexic, because they always see other women with thin bodies and feel pressured to want to be like them. They may be alone or divorced and may need attention so they look for ways to get that attention from people. â€Å"The women suffer with feelings of self-hate, worthlessness, low self-esteem, and they usually feel that in order to be happy, they must be thin† (www.mirror-mirror.org 1). Women in the business industry feel they don’t get enough attention from people so in order to heighten their career, they put themselves out there to have the perfect body to get people’s att... ... illness. If you do not seek help you can damage your body, cause major health problems, and even death. But if you do seek help, you can increasingly build up your self-esteem that helps cope with the illness. Bibliography #1 - Thompson, Colleen. Eating Disorders. Internet Explorer December 9, 2002 #2 - Thompson, Colleen. Children. Internet Explorer December 9, 2002 #3 - Thompson, Colleen. Women. Internet Explorer December 9, 2002 #4 - Thompson, Colleen. Binge Eating Disorder. Internet Explorer December 9, 2002 #5 - Thompson, Colleen. Anorexia Nervosa. Internet Explorer December 9, 2002 #6 - Thompson, Colleen. Bulimia Nervosa. Internet Explorer December 9, 2002 #7 - Hendrick, Victoria Eating Disorders. Internet Explorer July 2002 #8 - Spearing, Melissa. Eating Disorders. Internet Explorer. August 6, 2002 #9 – Anonymous. EDA. What is an Eating Disorder? Internet Explorer. March 31, 2004 #10 – Anonymous. Eating Disorders Statistics. Internet Explorer. http://www.eatingdisorderinfo.org #11 - Harmon, Dan. Anorexia Nervosa Starving for Attention. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers 1999 #12 - Nardo, Dan. Eating Disorders. San Diego, California: Lucent Books, Inc. 1991

How to Write About Poetry Essay

Poetry may be considered as a painting or sketch done in words rather than in ink or color. To write about poetry we must have an understanding of what the poet is trying to communicate. For this we need to place ourselves in the poets’ shoes and understands his sentiments and interpret his expressions accurately & correctly. To begin writing about poetry we need to consider roughly ten important points. First, consider the nature of the poem i.e. the flow of thoughts that form the poem. The flow needs to be mentioned when the basic elements of the poem are discussed. Second, are the identifications of the central character and the setting of the poem. In order to write about the two it becomes imperative to understand how the poet relates to both and how he uses them in his poem. Third, diction and imagery should be discussed, determining the impact they have on the reader. The description of the figures of speech; metaphors & simile, used in the poem is imperative as it provides a deeper understanding of the thoughts expressed. The tone of the poem should also be discussed as it tells one what to expect (humor, tragedy). Talking about the sound, rhyming, shape and symbolism is an indication of the extra touches used by the poet to make his poem a pretty read. Last but most important, a good description of the meaning, theme and idea is required as it puts forth a simplified yet effective image of the poem for the reader to understand.

Iryna Steshenko as a translator of Anglophone literature Essays

Iryna Steshenko as a translator of Anglophone literature Essays Iryna Steshenko as a translator of Anglophone literature Iryna Steshenko is a spectacular Ukrainian actress and a prominent translator. She was brought up in a family where people treasured folk traditions and customs. All members of her family were related to literature, education and Ukrainian culture in general. In order to get to know her better as a translator, we should dive deeper into her biography. Iryna Steshenko was born on July 5, 1898, in Kyiv. She is the daughter of Ivan M. Steshenko and Oksana Steshenko, the cousin of Lesya Ukraiinka and the granddaughter of Mykhailo Starytsky - the coryphaeus of the Ukrainian Theatre . Iryna Steshenko was the last representative of the renowned ancestry, which, after her death in 1987, ceased to exist. From early childhood, she began studying foreign languages. At the age of three, she had a governess from Germany and at five - from France. Hence she obtained a good command of those languages. In 1918 she graduated from the Faculty of Philology of Higher Women's Studies in Kyiv. After graduation, in addition to her mother language, she was fluent in Russian, German, French, and English. Not every woman back then had the opportunity to obtain such solid and versatile knowledge. In 1920 Iryna Steshenko graduated from the Lysenko Music and Drama Institute. It was then that Pavlo Tychyna - Taras Shevchenko Theatre dramaturge at that time - approached her and asked to translate some comedies by Moliere. These were The Bourgeois Gentleman , The Imaginary Invalid , Scapin the Schemer . Tychyna would later edit her translations to be suitable for the theatre. These plays were often featured in Ukrainian theatres. After that Iryna Steshenko was paying more and more attention to the artistic translation, and from 1949 she devoted herself to it completely. The achievements of Iryna Steshenko as a translator are particularly notable, because she, as a person with a solid education and as a descendant of famous writers, had an extraordinary feeling of the Ukrainian language; she knew it perfectly and used it skilfully . The language of her translations is academic and graceful, but at the same time, it is alive and natural. From the very beginning, Steshenko as a translator set very strict requirements to herself. The translation, in her opinion, is a creative obsession with the work which one translates and its author, not the mechanic "transference" into another language, albeit being done at a high professional level. A translated work must feel as if it was written in the target language: only the stylistic characteristics, peculiarities of thinking and the details of everyday life should tell a reader that it is the work of a writer of another nation. She worked solely with the original pieces and was very indignant at the offer to translate from Russian to Ukrainian. In her translations she paid great attention to the logical cohesion of phrases in lines and stanzas, to euphony of verses and to the natural ease of speech as well as to the rendition of the inner force pertained to the source language idiom. Steshenko skilfully reproduced verbal images of both representatives of the highest class of society and ordinary people. It distinguishes her among other translators, especially considering the current tendency to use taboo vocabulary in translations and original works. Among contemporary Ukrainian translators who dealt with the works of William Shakespeare, Iryna Steshenko is the most productive . She translated six of his pieces: The Merchant of Venice (1950), Othello (1950), Romeo and Juliet (1952), Much Ado About Nothing (1952), The Comedy of Errors (1954), The Two Gentlemen of Verona (1963). I was lucky to happen upon her translation of plays Much Ado About Nothing (1-2) and Romeo and Juliet (3) . Here are some interesting cases. Beatrice and Benedict's speech is a powerful source of wordplay in the original text. The puns were very popular in the days of Elizabethan England and Shakespeare's texts are full of them . Benedick : O God , sir , here's a dish I love not : I cannot endure my Lady Tongue : ! ... , ; Messenger : And a good soldier too , lady . Beatrice :

Law Essay

Law Essay Law Essay Writing a law essay, you should pay special attention to the format and style of your writing. Law essays are formal in style and language. Please read the following sample law essay. If you need professional essay help with writing, if you have no time to write your own essay, do not hesitate to request our professional customwriting service. We are not newcomers in essay writing industry and we have already helped thousands of students throughout the country. Our prices are moderate while our quality is unquestionable. We do not tolerate plagiarism and we pay special attention to the quality of every single custom essay delivery. Law Essay Sample An international legislature, in the sense of a body having power to enact new international law binding on the states of the world or on their peoples, does not exist. The very notion that international law requires any deliberate amendment is, indeed, quite a modern one. The international community has been content to rely for the development of its law on the slow growth of custom, and perhaps the first recognition of the need of any consciously constructive process in building up the law was the declaration by the Congress of Paris in 1814 in favour of freedom of navigation on international rivers. This declaration was not very effective, but it was important as showing that in the conference the international community had obtained a sort of rudimentary legislative organ. Little use was made of conferences for this purpose until the latter half of the nineteenth century, but after the Conference of Paris in 1856, at which a famous Declaration dealing with the laws of maritime wa rfare was agreed to, quasi-legislation by conference became fairly frequent: The movement took different forms. In part it was inspired by the humane desire to mitigate the horrors of war; examples of this are the Geneva Conventions for ameliorating the condition of the sick and wounded, the first in 1864, and most of the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907. It took another form in the foundation of the international administrative system which is referred to in the next section. Lastly, conferences have often been used for the settlement of special political questions by action which is really legislative in character, although it generally preserves the forms of mere mediation between supposedly sovereign states. Instances are, the Conference of London which established the independence of Belgium in 1831; the Conference of London which established that of Luxembourg in 1867; the Congress of Berlin, 1878, which dealt with the affairs of Turkey and the Balkan States; the Conference of Algeciras which dealt with Morocco in 1906. On these and other occasions st ates, or more often the Great Powers, have asserted a right to decide, by their collective action, questions in which they all felt themselves to be interested, without much regard to the alleged rules of international law concerning intervention, which are based upon a theory of the independence of every sovereign state which is liable to be disregarded in an international crisis. There is no doubt that the conference used in this way has frequently been the means of preventing wars. Law Essay Writing Service Undoubtedly, good essay cannot be written in a couple of hours unless you are a professional writer. When you use our custom essay service, you get a perfectly written paper, essay written especially for you according to the requirements. All essays are carefully checked for plagiarism. We guarantee free and unlimited revisions. Read also: Need Help Writing a Paper Long Term Paper 10 Pages Islamic Religion Term Paper High School Term Paper Free Term Paper

scarlet letter symbols essays

scarlet letter symbols essays Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most prolific symbolists in American literature. In literature a symbol is most often a concrete object used to represent an idea more abstract and broader in scope and meaning. In the Scarlet Letter Hawthorne has many of these symbols but in order to understand his novel the scarlet letter A, light and darkness, and the settings of the novel must be analyzed with the purpose of relating them to the novels major themes. The scarlet letter A is one of the most obvious symbols, but it has various meanings throughout the book depending on its context. All through the book the letter symbolizes adultery, penance, and penitence. Hester, who wears the letter A, goes through suffering and loneliness and also is rejuvenated. It appears throughout the book first in the preface as a material object, then it becomes an elaborately embroidered A which Hester wears. It also appears in the armor breast-place at Governor Bellinghams mansion. These letter As in these parts of the book show that Hester is hidden by this enormous, exaggerated symbol as her life and feelings are hidden behind the sign of her sin. Later in the book the letter A appears in the sky as a vast red letter, also as a green A of eelgrass which Pearl had made. Even later it appears on Hesters dress which was decorated by Pearl with prickly burrs, and on Dimmesdales chest, and finally is seen on the epitaph at the end of the book On a field , sable, the letter A, gules (179). In all of these examples, the meaning depends on both the context and sometimes even the interpreter. For example, when the community sees the scarlet A in the sky they see it as a sign that the dying Governor Winthrop has become an angel, while Dimmesdale sees it as a sign of his secret sin. Another example is the community sees the letter on Hesters bosom as a mark of her punishment and also as a mark to deter others...

THE REFORM OF URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT IN CHINA Essay

THE REFORM OF URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT IN CHINA - Essay Example This included the property rights arrangement, the financial arrangement and the operation arrangement. The property rights arrangement enabled the transfer of ownership. The financial arrangement provided the capital availability for further development. The operational arrangement upgraded the efficiency by exploiting advanced management skill applied to the water sector. As the privatization of the water sector took place, the role of the government changed. The government should step down from the role of service provider, and become the regulator of water market. The increase in water tariffs was also important in the water reform. The central government tried to increase the water efficiency and productivity by market mechanism. Increase in water tariffs raised the cost of using water, which could reduce water consumption with low use value. The urban water resources management had experienced a tremendous change for the sustainable development of urban China. I declare that this dissertation represents my own work, except where due acknowledgement is made and that it has not been previously included in a thesis, dissertation, or report submitted to this University or to any other institution for a degree, diploma or other qualifications. I would like to take this opportunity to thank my family, especially my wife Marisa and my daughter Vickie for their enduring support and encouragement. Also, I want to show my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr Y S Frederick LEE, for his continual support and guidance during the whole period of the preparation of my dissertation. Here I want to dedicate this work to them. Water is one of the necessities for human sustainable development. It is also a key element for urban activities, such as daily living and industrial activities. China has only 6% of the world’s total fresh water resource, but more than 20% of its population (Gleick, 2009). The National

Public Administration Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Public Administration - Research Paper Example There is need to identify the positives and utilize on them to create a sustainable environment where public administration can operate and realize its full potential. These changes include different management policy and the use of Information Technology. The essay will determine important elements in administration with focus being on their economic and social benefits. There is need for capacity building in public administration this entails creating an effective system that will enhance the functions of any given institution. The aim of these systems is to enable the public sector to solve issues concerning administration. The major concern of these moves is how to ensure globalization positively influences the public sector (Angelini, 2010). Globalization has been an emerging trend in all sectors and it is high time to utilize it in order to improve service delivery. Globalization has diversified into information technology, trade and other social initiatives (Denhardt et al, 2013). Current administration focuses on a limited environment hence limiting its full potential. Future administrators will need to connect different components concerning public administration and use the globalization factor and effectively improve their operation. The driving force would be how these factors would influence the public sector. Globalization and public administration seams complex in its current form but as time progresses there will be need to find equilibrium between the two components. Angelini (2010) links this concept to different sizes in government and changing government roles in matters public administration. The public sector is driven by the concept of sole decision making by public administrators hence limited competition. Public administration has been characterized with sole decision-making and their efforts to ensure a dominant state within a region. These trends could change with focus being on how to collaborate

Cystic fibrosis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cystic fibrosis - Essay Example It is possible that several hundred different mutations of the gene exist than can cause cystic fibrosis. The gene was discovered in 1989. The underlying defect stems from a mutation in a gene on the long arm (q) of chromosome 7. The protein product acts as a chloride channel. It is called the cystic fibrosis trans membrane conductance regulator (CFTR). This controls the cellular transport of sodium chloride and water. It is inherited and is a recessive gene. Some may be unique to certain families so testing of families in which the disease is present may yield results that will help to determine the specific mutation. People having this disease in the past were not expected to live long enough to reach adulthood but improved diagnoses and treatment now allows them to live even beyond fifty years of age. The usual form of death is from respiratory failure. In normal people chloride the chloride and sodium that is presented in sweat are reabsorbed by epithelial cells in the sweat dust as the sweat finds its way to the surface of the skin. In people with cystic fibrosis the defective gene inhibits the reabsorbing of chloride and sodium ions resulting in an excess of sodium chloride or very salty sweat. In normal people, the function of respiratory tract epithelial cells is to transport chloride ions into the lumen thereby maintaining the adequate hydration of mucus. In the respiratory tract of persons with cystic fibrosis there is a reduction of the secretion of sodium ions and water caused from the inability of epithelial cell membranes to influence the hydration of mucus. Consequently the mucus becomes very thick. This mucus affects the clearance of irritation and micro-organisms from the lungs. The following events occur in the lungs. Genetic testing is now available. Cells are collected from inside the cheek of patients and then examined for the

Mental Disorder and Medical Disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Mental Disorder and Medical Disorder - Essay Example chological health disorder that presents with spontaneous shifts in moods, energy levels, and activities, which in turn impact the ability to perform day to day tasks. The disorder is also referred to as manic-depressive illness. Several factors work together to bring about the disorder. These causes can be anatomical or genetic. Research has shown that certain families are predisposed to having bipolar disorder due to the possession of a certain gene. The anatomic perspective of the development of bipolar disorder shows that there are structural abnormalities in the brain of individuals with bipolar disorders. For instance, similarities have been established through magnetic resonance imaging between the brain development patterns of children with multi-dimensional impairment, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. These finding implies that the brain plays a substantial role in the development of volatile temperament. The signs of bipolar disorder can be categorized between those associated with manic flare-ups and those related to depressive episodes. Indicators of manic outbreaks include mood alterations such as prolonged periods of excitability and extreme tetchiness. Behavioral changes include rapid speech, impulsive indulgence in risky behavior, restlessness, intense physical activity, having unrealistic expectations, poor sleep and lack of sleep. On the other hand, depressive signs include loss of interest in pleasurable activities, prolonged periods of despair, fatigue, loss of concentration, poor appetite, and suicidal tendencies. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder that arises due to the inability of the body to utilize insulin. The condition may be a consequence of insulin resistance or the loss of insulin receptors. It presents with symptoms such as extreme thirst, sudden unexplained loss of weight, fatigue, delayed wound healing and blurred vision. There is a relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and BD (Svendal, Fasmer,

The Reality of Work Cultures in the Modern Economy Essay - 1

The Reality of Work Cultures in the Modern Economy - Essay Example Protestant work ethic and its impact upon the lives and attitudes to work of employees Sennett refers in his book to the Max Weber’s The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism as to an important illustration of two contrary ethical standards: self-fashioning and self-discipline (1998, 102). Based on this book, the Protestant work ethic implies that employees should not harry with their desire for self-fulfillment and gratification, rather, they should delay this desire to the end. According to the Protestant concept which is based on the religious pillars, people should have practiced self-denial in the present and sacrifice themselves every day thus proving their worthiness in the sight of God (Sennett 1998, 103). This ideology has been transformed into the â€Å"worldly asceticism† and in the workplaces people were focused on saving instead of spending, pursuing the long-term result and achievements (Sennett 1998, 103). Discipline as an act of self-punishment also was an integral element of the Protestant’s work ethic. The Protestant emplo yee was taking fully a responsibility for his/her lived time and judged morally based on this key criterion. Based on this concept every individual was morally responsible for the time and quality of work he/she performed during the working hours as well as for time he/she spent out of work: at home, with family and children, sleeping, having a rest, etc.

Three stocks Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Three stocks - Assignment Example These companies outstanding performance throughout the past five years in the stock market make them the most preferable investment option. Microsoft Corporation deals with the development, licensing, marketing, and supports software, services, and devices globally. It is based in Redmond, Washington and was founded in 1975. Apple Inc. deals with the designing, manufacturing, and marketing of mobile communication and personal computers, media devices, and portable digital music players across the globe. Its headquarters are in Cupertino, California and was founded in 1977. General motors deals with the designing, building, and selling of cars, trucks, crossovers, and automobile parts across the globe. Its headquarters of operation are in Detroit, Michigan and was founded in 1897. Microsoft has since the past 3 years been experiencing a huge gross profit year after year. Similarly General Motors and Apple have also had huge gross profits throughout the last 3 years. This strong financial record of the three companies is an assured well thought investment. This financial statements are summarized in the table below. Also, from the S&P 500 index the three companies show good trends from the past 5 years. The S&P is an important tool when it comes to investment since it depicts the free-float value of the major 500 corporations in the US equity market. The S&P 500 is constantly updated daily and can be used to track a company’s high and low stock prices for a period of 5 years. Hence, an important tool when evaluating the risk or returns of a particular investment. Data from the S&P index project a significant earnings growth in the three companies by over +30%. The S&P data index forecasts summary is shown in the table below. The three companies’ financial records with good profit margins and generated revenue have sustained the continual existence and profitability of the companies for decades. They have remained at the top despite the presence of

Mental Disorder and Medical Disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Mental Disorder and Medical Disorder - Essay Example chological health disorder that presents with spontaneous shifts in moods, energy levels, and activities, which in turn impact the ability to perform day to day tasks. The disorder is also referred to as manic-depressive illness. Several factors work together to bring about the disorder. These causes can be anatomical or genetic. Research has shown that certain families are predisposed to having bipolar disorder due to the possession of a certain gene. The anatomic perspective of the development of bipolar disorder shows that there are structural abnormalities in the brain of individuals with bipolar disorders. For instance, similarities have been established through magnetic resonance imaging between the brain development patterns of children with multi-dimensional impairment, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. These finding implies that the brain plays a substantial role in the development of volatile temperament. The signs of bipolar disorder can be categorized between those associated with manic flare-ups and those related to depressive episodes. Indicators of manic outbreaks include mood alterations such as prolonged periods of excitability and extreme tetchiness. Behavioral changes include rapid speech, impulsive indulgence in risky behavior, restlessness, intense physical activity, having unrealistic expectations, poor sleep and lack of sleep. On the other hand, depressive signs include loss of interest in pleasurable activities, prolonged periods of despair, fatigue, loss of concentration, poor appetite, and suicidal tendencies. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder that arises due to the inability of the body to utilize insulin. The condition may be a consequence of insulin resistance or the loss of insulin receptors. It presents with symptoms such as extreme thirst, sudden unexplained loss of weight, fatigue, delayed wound healing and blurred vision. There is a relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and BD (Svendal, Fasmer,

Three stocks Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Three stocks - Assignment Example These companies outstanding performance throughout the past five years in the stock market make them the most preferable investment option. Microsoft Corporation deals with the development, licensing, marketing, and supports software, services, and devices globally. It is based in Redmond, Washington and was founded in 1975. Apple Inc. deals with the designing, manufacturing, and marketing of mobile communication and personal computers, media devices, and portable digital music players across the globe. Its headquarters are in Cupertino, California and was founded in 1977. General motors deals with the designing, building, and selling of cars, trucks, crossovers, and automobile parts across the globe. Its headquarters of operation are in Detroit, Michigan and was founded in 1897. Microsoft has since the past 3 years been experiencing a huge gross profit year after year. Similarly General Motors and Apple have also had huge gross profits throughout the last 3 years. This strong financial record of the three companies is an assured well thought investment. This financial statements are summarized in the table below. Also, from the S&P 500 index the three companies show good trends from the past 5 years. The S&P is an important tool when it comes to investment since it depicts the free-float value of the major 500 corporations in the US equity market. The S&P 500 is constantly updated daily and can be used to track a company’s high and low stock prices for a period of 5 years. Hence, an important tool when evaluating the risk or returns of a particular investment. Data from the S&P index project a significant earnings growth in the three companies by over +30%. The S&P data index forecasts summary is shown in the table below. The three companies’ financial records with good profit margins and generated revenue have sustained the continual existence and profitability of the companies for decades. They have remained at the top despite the presence of

Fishers narrative paradigm Essay Example for Free

Fishers narrative paradigm Essay One could argue, for instance, that the narrative of Translators without Borders ultimately sustains and justifies an ethics of consumerism through the commoditization of human grief. By blurring the boundaries between commercial and humanitarian agendas, the narrative accommodates itself to the established cosmetic use of good causes by big business to improve its image and deflect attention from its less savory practices. Finally, the Translators Without Borders story feeds into hegemonic cultural narratives of social responsibility that are ultimately designed to make the donors feel good about themselves rather than directly address the needs of the recipients. This is evident in Lori Thicke s article, published in Multilingual Computing and Technology, where she explains the attraction of the humanitarian exercise as follows: Giving away translations for Ð ° worthy cause is Ð ° win-win scenario. Eurotexte feels good about it. The translators feel good about it, and they see Eurotexte as an agency that really cares which we do. And last but not least, our customers consider this to be Ð ° point of distinction. (2oo3:4) In the final analysis, as Hinchman and Hinchman point out, we extend or withhold allegiance to communities depending on our rational judgments concerning the narratives on which they are based (1997:238) Fishers narrative paradigm, as І have tried to demonstrate with the narrative of Translators Without Borders, offers us Ð ° framework not only for making rational judgments but also for assessing narratives in terms of fidelity and, thus, their ethical import. Gumperz (1982) demonstrated that speakers in Ð ° conversation are engaged in an ongoing and immediate process of assessing others intentions and producing responses based on the assessment of those intentions. He calls this situated or context-bound process of interpreting meaning conversational inference and the meanings themselves are flexible and evolve as conversations proceed (Gumperz 1977). To talk back and forth-to speak as well as listen-entails both sending and receiving multiple levels of meaning. In numerous examples, he illustrates how meanings are conveyed from multiple levels of language consisting of, but not limited to, lexical or phonological choice, syntactic patterns, use of formulaic expressions, code-switching, prosodic cues (intonation and stress), and paralinguistic (e. g. , pitch, register, rhythm, and volume). Meaning is not only determined by features of language, but also, as Gumperz demonstrates, by background expectations, prior knowledge or relationships, roles, cultural knowledge, and other social knowledge. According to Gumperz, interpreting meaning is Ð ° process of contextualization in which Ð ° listener associates certain kinds of cues within the language, called contextualization cues, with information content on the one hand and with background expectations, or social knowledge, on the other ( Gumperz 1978; 1982). Contextualization cues refer to any aspect of the surface form of utterances that, when attached to message content, function as Ð ° way of signaling how to understand what is said. These cues signal to listeners when speakers have made their points, which information is foreground and which is background, what the relationship is between comments, how what is said should be heard (whether anger or joking is meant), and many other kinds of information. Adopting Ð ° cross-cultural perspective, Gumperz developed Ð ° method for investigating the process of contextualization cues by examining situations where they fail to work. When speakers share similar cultural backgrounds, then contextualization cues are also shared and speakers rarely misunderstand. However, when cues are not shared, misunderstandings prevail. Schiffrin ( 1994) interprets his main contribution as emanating from his studies of the way people within Ð ° larger culture, who are members of smaller, distinct cultures, may share grammatical knowledge of Ð ° common language (such as English) but may also contextualize what is said differently than Ð ° member of the larger culture. In this way, messages are produced that are understood perhaps partially, but not completely, such that people take away different interpretations of what was said and done. The following is Ð ° well known example from Gumperz (1982: 3o) cited by Schiffrin (1994: 7): Following an informal graduate seminar at Ð ° major university, Ð ° black student approached the instructor, who was about to leave the room accompanied by several other black and white students, and said: Could І talk to you for Ð ° minute? І am gonna apply for Ð ° fellowship and І was wondering if І could get Ð ° recommendation? The instructor replied: oK. Come along to the office and tell me what you want to do. As the instructor and the rest of the group left the room, the black student said, turning his head ever so slightly to the other students: Ahma git me Ð ° gig! (Rough gloss: І am going to get myself some support. ) Before exploring how different interpretations were made by listeners, this example can serve to illustrate what interactional sociolinguistic data is and how its analysis proceeds. First, Ð ° sociolinguist analyzes actual utterances that have been written down immediately or recorded on tape by an investigator. Significant to sociolinguistics is that these are not data generated from the analysts mind or experience but rather have been actually uttered by Ð ° human being in Ð ° natural context. Second, examples from data are always accompanied by Ð ° brief explanation of the contextthe physical setting, social roles, relationships of other participants, and other information. Any utterance can be the focus of analysis by asking, how was this utterance understood by the people who heard it, and how did these participants arrive at their interpretation? For the sociolinguist, this entails describing the grammatical knowledge of participants and the socio-cultural knowledge that listeners rely on to understand the messages conveyed. Specifically, such an analysis accounts for the way explicit linguistic signs, such as word choice, intonation, rhythm, stress, and lexical and phonetic choices indicate speaker intent and also how social knowledge influenced Ð ° listeners interpretation. When these cues are tacitly shared by speakers, interpretive processes tend to go un-remarked. However, when Ð ° listener does not react to Ð ° cue or is unaware of its function, interpretations vary, misunderstandings occur, and judgments are made.

The Geopolitics Of The Global Illegal Drug Trade Geography Essay

The Geopolitics Of The Global Illegal Drug Trade Geography Essay One of the biggest problems facing the world today is the production, trade and consumption of illegal drugs. Millions of people around the world are involved in either this trade either as producers, vendors or consumers, despite it being a highly illegal activity with strict and often harsh penalties for even the possession of a small amount of these illegal substances. In this paper we will be discussing the consequences of the global illegal drugs trade in different areas of the world, and whether the legalization and regulation of this trade would be positive or negative. 2. AFGHANISTAN Afghanistan is one of the worlds top producers of illegal substances, in particular opium, and there are many reasons why this is the case. It is one of the poorest countries in the world, according to the CIA world fact book, with a GDP per capita of just $800 and ranked 181st on the UNs Human Development Index second lowest in the world. (CIA World Fact Book, 2009) It is a landlocked country with direct links to Russia and the EU 2 of the worlds largest illegal drug markets with land movement being extensive due to lack of border control. Rugged terrain, with many isolated areas makes government surveillance and law enforcement difficult. Due to this and Afghanistans notoriety for lawlessness, instability and poverty (resulting from decades of war which have ravaged the country) the opium trade has flourished and now a huge proportion of the country is dependent upon its cultivation. It is interesting that under the Taliban regime, levels of opium production were showing signs o f falling, but since 2001 when the USA declared its â€Å"War on Terror†, this level has increased significantly from around 75,000 hectares in 2000 to nearing 200,000 hectares in 2007. So why is the opium trade such a huge issue? Agriculture is the countrys main form of industry and the collapse of the economy forced more and more farmers to seek alternative methods of generating revenue from crops. This came at a time when demand for opium was increasing due to restrictions being made in nearby opium producing countries such as India. Farmers realised there huge profits could be made from the cultivation of opium poppies, with the risk of being caught relatively low due to the reasons mentioned in the previous paragraph, despite it being a punishable offence. In addition, opium poppies are notoriously hardy- they are almost drought resistant compared to legal crops such as wheat. Many Afghans have used poppy cultivation as a means of investment in legitimate businesses due to lack of personal loans resulting from the poor economy; while illegitimate moneylenders have high interest rates and use various forms of intimidation such as kidnapping. The seriousness of t his situation being that many farmers in Afghanistan have little other legal lucrative alternative, and the government is doing little to encourage farmers to do so. There is also significant evidence to suggest that the since the fall of Taliban, they and other terrorist groups are now significantly funded by the drug trade. What then are the options available? The first is enforcement of current laws whilst offering alternative livelihood options. This involves better monitoring of opium growers in the country and eradication of Heroin production factories, and offering farmers incentives to grow alternative crops. One suggestion is substitution with Saffron, another lucrative crop which has proven to grow well in Afghanistans climate. This would also involve improving the infrastructure needed to support legal crop cultivation. The other option which has been suggested is licensing the opium trade. This gives the government much more control over the end use of opium, as it could be used in the production of valuable legal opiates such as morphine. Trade could also be taxed, providing valuable revenue for the undeveloped economy of Afghanistan. Another issue this would solve is eliminating warlords and severing the ties between the drug trade and human/weapons trafficking as it could be regulated and m onitored by government authorities â€Å". (Licensing) combines the best of both worlds. It stabilizes a crucial country in the global war on terrorism and alleviates the pain crisis in AIDS stricken developing countries. It is not a silver bullet for Afghanistans many troubles, but it does pave the way for the country to escape its current development and security crisis† (Kamminga , Van Ham. 2006). This is not necessarily saying that Heroin should be made legal; but is another option that could be looked into with the legalisation and regulation of all drugs, rather than a select few. 3. THE NETHERLANDS The Netherlands government takes an alternative approach to the enforcement of anti-drug laws, believing that drug use is a public health issue, rather than a criminal one; and that there is a difference between soft drugs (cannabis) and hard drugs (cocaine, heroin). A quote which summarises this attitude is â€Å"if a problem has proved to be unstoppable, it is better to try controlling it instead of continuing to enforce laws that have shown to be unable to stop the problem† (WordIQ: Drug policy of the Netherlands. 2010). They therefore employ a policy of non-enforcement towards soft drugs such as cannabis, but will still prosecute users if they are found causing a public disturbance, or pose a risk to themselves or others whilst under the influence of drugs. The Netherlands drug policy has a number of aims which are: To separate the market between hard and soft drugs so that soft drug users do not come into contact with hard drugs To limit the sale of soft drugs to minors To divert profits from the sale of soft drugs away from criminal drug dealers To gain tax from the legitimate sale of soft drugs To use the money gained to assist problem drug users (i.e. Treatment and rehabilitation) and promote awareness and education of hard drugs To prevent soft drug users being criminalised unnecessarily So is this policy working? In the USA where cannabis is strictly illegal and carries severe fines and prison time, 42.4% of Americans have tried the drug, whilst in The Netherlands only 19.8% of the population have tried cannabis, despite it being tolerated and sold freely in coffee shops (Degenhardt et al. 2008) 9.7% of young adults consume soft drugs once a month in Holland; this figure is far lower than the UK level of 15.8%, but higher than in other European countries such as Sweden (3%). The EU average of soft drug users that go on to become problem drug users is 0.52%, in The Netherlands this figure is just 0.3%, and the number of hard drug users is also considerably lower. These statistics show that while levels of soft drug use in The Netherlands is not significantly higher or lower than the rest of Europe, the levels of problem drug users and hard drug users is considerably lower. It is also interesting to note that due to taxes gained from the legitimate sale of cannabis, a round 90% of drug users can be treated effectively. 4. NON-GOVERNEMENT ORGANISATIONS NGOs around the world aim to eradicate problems associated with the illegal drug trade; however without financial backing and access to resources, their policies are often limited. Their strategies focus on influencing government protocol and targeting social issues in a ‘prevention over cure approach. The social aspect focuses on education of the young and those vulnerable to drug addiction, in addition to financing and organising rehabilitation for those suffering from addiction. Strategies also target producers of drugs, particularly agricultural ones. These producers are influenced to cultivate alternative products (such as wheat), both through financial incentives and legal prevention. All aspects of the global illegal drugs trade span over large areas, making it difficult for individual state governments to act effectively. NGOs such as the UN, WHO and the EU create policies targeting drug abuse issues to socially improve nations. High costs and infrastructure requirement s for drugs trade prevention deter LEDCs from acting, as their costs do not warrant their benefits it is the state importing that often suffers the most. So what would be the effect of the legalisation of the illegal drugs trade in regards to NGOs? Effectively there would be dissolution of all strategies to cease and prevent the global trade in illegal drugs. Trade would shift to safer routes through legally disclosed transport subject to scrutiny at borders, so potential would remain for NGO involvement in cases of unregulated drugs being traded across borders. 5. CONCLUSION A quote from ‘The Economist claims that the UN believes thatâ€Å"The drug market has â€Å"stabilised†, meaning that more than 200 m people, or almost 5% of the worlds adult population still take illegal drugs† and goes on to say that â€Å"by providing honest information about the health risks of drugs and pricing them accordingly, governments could steer consumers towards the least harmful ones† (The Economist, 2009). However, the legalisation of drugs is a highly complex and sensitive issue which has many social, political, moral and economic implications. The scale of which is unimaginable and is something which many people feel would be an impossible task. It is a known fact that people around the world produce, distribute and use drugs- as they have done for thousands of years. Perhaps money would be better spent on educating people about the dangers of certain drugs (including legal ones) as well as helping those that have become dependent on either the sale or use of illegal drugs, rather than criminalising those that use them safely, or have little other viable options other than producing drugs. This could also have benefits for those in the developing world who rely on the illegal drugs trade as a source of income, and could eliminate the violence involved with the illegal drugs trade. REFERENCES CIA: The World FactBook Afghanistan. 2009. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/af.html Degenhardt et al. 2008. Toward a global view of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and cocaine use: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. PLoS Medicine 5(7) e141 Kamminga, Van Ham. 2006. Poppies for peace: Reforming Afghanistans opium industry. The Washington Quarterly. 30:1 pp 69-81 The Economist. 2009. Failed states and failed policies: How to stop the drug wars. http://www.economist.com/opinion/displaystory.cfm?story_id=13237193source=login_payBarrier WordIQ: Drug policy of the Netherlands Definition. 2010. http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Drug_policy_of_the_Netherlands Ashley White Registration No: 090167133

Fetishism, perversion and the Gay Identity :: Socialization Sociology Essays

Fetishism, perversion and the Gay Identity The contemporary Euro-American idea of identity as coherent, seamless, bounded and whole is indeed an illusion. On the contrary, the self carries many internal contradictions and nuances as a reflection of the many roles that a person plays in various social circles. Identity is partially post-social and socially constructed though rituals and disciplinary acts. In turn Delany challenges the concept of a Gay Identity, an entity of being that could be defined as referential. "The point to the notion of Gay Identity is that, in terms of a transcendent reality concerned with sexuality per se (a universal similarity, a shared necessary condition, a defining aspect, a generalizable and inescapable essence common to all men and women called 'gay'), I believe Gay Identity has no more existence than a single, essential, transcendental sexual difference" (Delany 1991:131). The meaning of Gay Identity does not carry over across all time, sharing itself in a congruent way to every gay community to encompass an irreducible gayness. In fact, the very notion of the existence of any gay properties characterizing the Gay Identity is seriously questioned and refuted, as is the concept of a universal, timeless sexual difference (Delany 1991). According to Sedgwick, even the language used to identify the gay identity "queer" is non-referential. Queer describes the gay identity in as many uncharacteristic ways that fail to overlap certain individual homosexual experiences as it does in describing characteristic ways that overlap other homosexual experiences. Queerness is not always translatable just as being queer means different things to different gays. "'Queer' seems to hinge much more radically and explicitly on a person's undertaking particular, performative acts of experimental self-perception and filiation" (Sedgwick 1993:9). Sedgwick contends that there always exists a performative aspect of the self in all the roles that people play, including the queer role. Thus queer is not outside of the performance. This description of performance as identity suggests that the retrospective act of interpreting performance constructs personhood. During moments of cultural misunderstanding and differences that cause personal str ess and strains in individual access to self-representation of identity, a social actor has the ability to alter identity. By experimenting with who they are through sexual performance, people shape their sexual identities (Sedgwick 1993). Building critically upon Delany, I call into question the accuracy of perversion belonging in marginal spaces. I specifically seek to analyze fetishism as a kind of perversion.

Free Hamlet Essays: Teaching Deception and Selfishness in Hamlet :: GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Hamlet

Teaching Deception and Selfishness in Hamlet  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Tragedy of Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, illustrates the disintegration of not only a family but a society. In a play riddled with greed, manipulation and dishonesty, the end result is the demise of all the main characters. ?It is clear that the theme of vengeance is merely a vehicle used by Shakespeare in order to articulate...themes central to humanity: relationships between father and son, mother and son, and Hamlet and his friends...youth and age? (Introduction to Hamlet). The children are not at fault for their parents? mistakes. Since youth learn often through observation of the adults around them, society today is hyper-aware of the ?example? that it sets for the future generation; in Denmark during Hamlet?s time period, there was little consideration for the moral structure of the future leaders of the country. Through the conceit of the adults in Hamlet, there are moral repercussions for themselves and the youth of Elsinore, who are unable to bear the burden of the adults? mistakes. The adults at the forefront of the play are Claudius, Hamlet?s uncle/stepfather; Gertrude, his mother and Claudius? new wife; and Polonius, counsel to the King and father of Ophelia and Laertes. Claudius is smug at the onset of the play because he appears to have gotten away with killing King Hamlet, Gertrude?s late husband and Hamlet?s father, in order to ascertain the King?s title and woo Gertrude. He has committed selfish and murderous acts that, in the belief of the time, would damn his soul. In fact, in one soliloquy in Act III, scene III, he admits to himself that he feels no remorse for what he has done, saying, ?But, O, what form of prayer can serve my turn...I am still possessed of those effects for which I did the murder _ my crown, mine own ambition, and my queen? (lines 54-58). The deception that Claudius has commited puts the responsibility of avenging his father?s death on young Hamlet, something that he proves unable to accomplish until the very end of the play, despite several attempts to muster the courage. Claudius also turns Hamlet?s own friends against him by attempting to utilize Guildenstern and Rosencrantz as spies. Polonius, counsel to the King, is a manipulative character intent on winning the King?s approval. His solutions to the problems surrounding the royal family involve spying and lying as means to achieve an end. This is evident in Act III, scene I, lines 49-51, when Polonius instructs Ophelia on how to behave while he and the King are spying on Hamlet.

Berlin Wall Essay

What Was the Berlin Wall? The Berlin Wall was both the physical division between West Berlin and East Germany from 1961 to 1989 and the symbolic boundary between democracy and Communism during the Cold War. Dates: August 13, 1961 — November 9, 1989 Overview of the Berlin Wall The Berlin Wall was erected in the dead of night and for 28 years kept East Germans from fleeing to the West. Its destruction, which was nearly as instantaneous as its creation, was celebrated around the world. A Divided Berlin At the end of World War II, the Allied powers divided conquered Germany into four zones, each occupied by either the United States, Great Britain, France, or the Soviet Union (as agreed at the Potsdam Conference). The same was done with Germany’s capital city, Berlin. As the relationship between the Soviet Union and the other three Allied powers quickly disintegrated, the cooperative atmosphere of the occupation of Germany turned competitive and aggressive. Although an eventual reunification of Germany had been intended, the new relationship between the Allied powers turned Germany into West versus East, democracy versus Communism. In 1949, this new organization of Germany became official when the three zones occupied by the United States, Great Britain, and France combined to form West Germany (the Federal Republic of Germany). The zone occupied by the Soviet Union quickly followed by forming East Germany (the German Democratic Republic). This same division into West and East occurred in Berlin. Since the city of Berlin had been situated entirely within the Soviet zone of occupation, West Berlin became an island of democracy within Communist East Germany. Mass Emigration Within a short period of time after the war, living conditions in West Germany and East Germany became distinctly different. With the help and support of its occupying powers, West Germany set up a capitalist society and experienced such a rapid growth of their economy that it became known as the â€Å"economic miracle.† With hard work, individuals living in West Germany were able to live well, buy gadgets and appliances, and to travel as they  wished. Nearly the opposite was true in East Germany. Since the Soviet Union had viewed their zone as a spoil of war, the Soviets pilfered factory equipment and other valuable assets from their zone and shipped them back to the Soviet Union. When East Germany became its own country, it was under the direct influence of the Soviet Union and thus a Communist society was established. In East Germany, the economy dragged and individual freedoms were severely restricted. By the late 1950s, many people living in East Germany wanted out. No longer able to stand the repressive living conditions of East Germany, they would pack up their bags and head to West Berlin. Although some of them would be stopped on their way, hundreds of thousands of others made it across the border. Once across, these refugees were housed in warehouses and then flown to West Germany. Many of those who escaped were young, trained professionals. By the early 1960s, East Germany was rapidly losing both its labor force and its population. Having already lost 2.5 million people by 1961, East Germany desperately needed to stop this mass exodus. The obvious leak was the easy access East Germans had to West Berlin. With the support of the Soviet Union, there had been several attempts to simply take over West Berlin in order to eliminate this exit point. Although the Soviet Union even threatened the United States with the use of nuclear weapons over this issue, the United States and other Western countries were committed to defending West Berlin. Desp erate to keep its citizens, East Germany decided to build a wall to prevent them from crossing the border. The Berlin Wall Goes Up There had been rumors that something might happen to tighten the border of East and West Berlin, but no one was expecting the speed nor the absoluteness of the Wall. Just past midnight on the night of August 12-13, 1961, trucks with soldiers and construction workers rumbled through East Berlin. While most Berliners were sleeping, these crews began tearing up streets that entered into West Berlin, dug holes to put up concrete posts, and strung barbed wire all across the border between East and West Berlin. Telephone wires between East and West Berlin were also cut. Berliners were shocked when they woke up that morning. What had once been a very fluid border was now rigid. No longer could East Berliners cross the border for  operas, plays, soccer games, etc. No longer could the approximately 60,000 commuters head to West Berlin for well-paying jobs. No longer could families, friends, and lovers cross the border to meet their loved ones. Whichever side of the border one went to sleep on during the night of August 12, they were stuck on that side for decades. The Size and Scope of the Berlin Wall The Berlin Wall stretched over a hundred miles. It ran not only through the center of Berlin, but also wrapped around West Berlin, entirely cutting West Berlin off from the rest of East Germany. The wall itself went through four major transformations during its 28-year history. The Berlin Wall started out as a barbed-wire fence with concrete posts, but just a few days after the first fence was placed, it was quickly replaced with a sturdier, more permanent structure made out of concrete blocks, topped with barbed wire. The first two versions of the wall (barbed wire and concrete blocks) were replaced by the hird version of the Berlin Wall in 1965. This version consisted of a concrete wall, supported by steel girders. The fourth version of the Berlin Wall, constructed from 1975 to 1980, was the most complicated and thorough. It consisted of concrete slabs reaching nearly 12-feet high (3.6 m) and 4-feet wide (1.2 m), plus it had a smooth pipe running across the top to hinder people from scaling the Wall. And tentatively approached the border and indeed found that the border guards were letting people cross. Very quickly, the Berlin Wall was inundated with people from both sides. Some began chipping at the Berlin Wall with hammers and chisels. There was an impromptu huge celebration along the Berlin Wall, with people hugging, kissing, singing, cheering, and crying. The Berlin Wall was eventually chipped away, into smaller pieces (some the size of a coin and others in big slabs). The pieces have become collectibles and are stored in both homes and museums. After the Berlin Wall came down, East and West Germany reunified into a single German state on October 3, 1990.

How far does this quotation sum up Priestleys aims and concerns in An Inspector Calls? Essay

‘We don’t live alone. We are members of one body. We are responsible for each other.’ How far does this quotation sum up Priestley’s aims and concerns in An Inspector Calls? Priestley’s aim in An Inspector Calls was to send out a message to the audience about the ways in which the upper and working class treated each other during the early to mid 20th century and the importance of the effects this brings about which leads to the matter of being responsible for each other and how we are all the same as individuals. The quotation strongly sums up his message which is particularly shown through the role of Inspector Goole because it is arguably thought that Priestley has used the Inspector’s character as an alter ego to express his socialist views against a family such as the wealthy Birlings, although characters such as Sheila and Eric Birling soon prove support towards Priestley’s views. By judging the character of Inspector Goole and the way he treats the Birlings, we as the audience learn that he is in fact not a Police Inspector, because his assertive and impatient manner isn’t what a wealthy middle class family or anybody would expect from him. For example, in Act 3 the Inspector says to Mr. Birling, ‘Don’t start on that. I want to get on,’ which implies he has no respect for them despite their social status and it also implies he is in hurry, but there is no reason for any Inspector to rush because usually he would take all the time he needed. It was also his foreknowledge of Eva Smith’s death which made us question who the Inspector really was in the play because since the Inspector came in to interrogate the Birlings, Eva had always been alive as Gerald had called up the infirmary asking about the death after the Inspector had left, ‘No girl has died in there today. They haven’t had a suicide for months.’ More importantly, it was the confidence in the way the Inspector talked and how much he knew about the death before which made it seem as if he knew that Eva was going to commit suicide. The Inspector could probably have supernatural powers or he could be from the future to avenge Eva’s death, but either way he is a very mysterious character. Therefore, it does not make a different what the Inspector was, because the main purpose of his role in the play is to make the Birling family realise their responsibilities in society by forcing them to confess their experiences when they disregard the need to think of others – â€Å"You have no hope of not discussing it, Mrs. Birling.† This is why he said in his last speech, â€Å"We are members of one body. We are responsible for each other.† It is Priestley’s way of warning the audience that there is a society in where we are all responsible for each other. Mr. Birling is a British conservative man and like Margaret Thatcher, he believes ‘there is no such thing as society,’ and this clearly opposes Priestley’s message. However, Priestley has used dramatic irony to create a negative first impression on Mr. Birling – â€Å"I say there isn’t a chance of war. The world’s developing so fast that it’ll make war impossible.† When we hear this as the audience, we learn that Mr. Birling is a fool who is not to be trusted as his opinions are very wrong, because the play is set in 1912 but it was first presented in 1946 so by then two world wars had occurred. From this, we can tell that Priestley wants the audience to have a low opinion of the Birlings and Capitalist politics because he believes that the society in which the Birlings represent is unfair and will lead to horrible conflicts. He has shown this by making the Birlings feel guilty and be at fault for the whole situation. This is why he downplays the roles of Mr. and Mrs. Birling and Gerald Croft because they are of the older generation who all share the same capitalist views in life, for example, Mrs. Birling does not accept any responsibility for Eva Smith – â€Å"I accept no blame for it all,† and this phrase brings out her stubbornness, ruthlessness and impertinence. None of the three particularly want to accept responsibility because they are afraid of a ‘public scandal’ which would result in a fall down the social ladder. We can tell because Gerald is continuously trying to prove the Inspector wrong – â€Å"don’t you see, there’s still no proof it was really the same girl. How do we know she was really Eva Smith or Daisy Renton?† Then Mr. and Mrs. Birling agree and so they continue to find reasons to back him up – â€Å"The whole damned thing can have been a piece of bluff.† These phrases represent how after the Inspector’s presence, they still have not learnt anything which gives an even more negative response from the audience because it shows they are so blinded by the wealthy life they live in. However, as the audience we can try to view them as ‘members of one body,’ because the Birlings are only classified as people in the upper class since they are wealthy and this is what concerns Priestley because if we take the title away we can view them as ordinary people with disagreeable personalities, so it makes no difference who they are. Priestley introduces Karl Marx’s theory through Eric and Sheila Birling, and the theory is about the ideal class where everybody is one and the same. This is more evident in the role of Sheila Birling because she changes and develops the most throughout the play into a type of person which Priestley hopes the majority would follow and understand. Firstly, when Sheila first described her time at Milwards & Co. with Eva Smith she said, â€Å"If they didn’t get rid of that girl, I’d never go near that place again.† This is an example of the type of action Priestley does not approve of because it illustrates how wealthy people think they can easily mistreat people like Eva Smith, particularly if it’s for minor reasons – she was â€Å"in a furious temper.† This is also Priestley’s way of saying to the audience that people who work in very minor jobs or are a lot poorer should still be treated with respect. Nevertheless, Sheila starts to recognise and regret her mistakes – â€Å"If I could help her now, I would/ I’ll never, never do it again to anybody.† This response is the same with Eric Birling who also realises that what he did to Eva was wrong – â€Å"It’s what happened to the girl and what we all did to her that matters.† This change of behaviour shows us that upper class people can change for the better which demonstrates how they are just like everybody else and this proves Priestley’s point in the quotation where ‘we are members of one body.’ After the Inspector left, we get the impression that Sheila is a lot more reasonable and mature than her parents and Gerald Croft, because they are not used to receiving anything but respect due to their way of living. To change things, Priestley has made Sheila and Eric become examples of the new emerging generation of a more social behaviour towards life, and this change is proven near the end of the play where Sheila talks back against her parents and takes back the respect she has given them – â€Å"I’m not being childish. If you want to know, it’s you two who are being childish – trying not to face the facts.† Like the Inspector, Sheila repeatedly reminds her family how they are responsible for people like Eva Smith – â€Å"Between us we drove that girl to commit suicide/ But that won’t bring Eva Smith back to life will it?† Priestley was a supporter of the Labour party, and he frequently made broadcasts on the radio about the merits of socialism which we can see are strongly reflected in this play. We can tell that Priestley’s concerns come across via the role of the Inspector because they both have the same point of view which is why the quotation ‘We don’t live alone. We are members of one body. We are responsible for each other,’ sums up his message. He does not tell us who the Inspector is but I believe Priestley did this intently so that the audience could be the judge and reach their own conclusions about his identity. He has proved it possible through characters such as Sheila Birling that people can change to fit in. Priestley’s concerns are even relevant in today’s society where there are still people who need to be aware of their behaviour towards others around them which therefore, is concluded by the quotation from the Inspector’s last speech.

Functional Status Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Functional Status - Assignment Example Patient’s history is needed when assessing and interviewing patients, because they could be characteristics that might interfere with the assessment. When interviewing, the clinician should be aware of the patient’s daily concerns and ask specific questions. This rapport helps the clinician and patient communicate effectively. Medical history is another area clinicians should ask elderly patients questions regarding their physical nature. For example, eyes, mouth, ears, throat, chest, neck, musculoskeletal back pains, and neurologic. Regarding drug use history, the history has to be recorded, and the elderly counseled in order to stop the habit. For example, tobacco and alcohol abuse (Besdine, 2013). Physical examination is something clinicians have to observe critically because it tells a lot about elderly patients, for example vital signs such as heart rate, skin color, and abnormalities within the body (Bickley, 2013). The process of reasoning is what all clinicians go through, and they differ broadly in terms of personal style, training, communication skills, and experience (Bickley, 2013). Clinical reasoning involves developing, testing hypotheses and establishing working diagnosis. Besdine, R. W. ( 2013). Evaluation of the elderly patient. Retrieved Dec 30, 2014 from

Applying Arguments about Economics and Place Essay

Applying Arguments about Economics and Place - Essay Example It gives a detailed explanation of why the poorer people in the United States of America seem to acquire and store more invaluable stuff as compared to the fairly financially stable people. According to Paul Graham’s article, one of the articles in unit two, the contemporary American market is full of cheap stuff as compared to the traditional America (Paul 1). People used to undervalue stuff and only accumulated only a portion of what they bought and considered absolutely valuable to them. In the contemporary America, however, people seem to overvalue stuff despite the fact that they are cheaper as compared to the traditional stuff. Paul tries to give an explanation to why poorer people are more likely to value stuff with lesser value as compared to the fairly rich people. He explains that he would pick things left by friends when they moved to new homes because he was poor, and useless stuff seemed useful to him. This is an implication that poor feel that they will perhaps make use of stuff in the future despite the fact that the same stuff might be useless to them at that particular moment (Paul 1). That is a confirmation of the uncertain future that the poor face. Paul further explains that stuff in an illiquid asset and this might only change when one finds immediate use for it. In addition to that, stuff becomes a liquid asset only when one sells the stuff immediately he or she acquires it at a higher price compared to the buying prices. Therefore, stuff that is accumulated over a period of time becomes uneconomical. As a matter of fact, the stuff becomes expensive to keep because it occupies space thereby demanding for storage space. For this reason, Paul explains that it is worth noting that once one does not have immediate use for whatever he or she is trying to acquire, he or she probably never will have use for that object (Paul 1). The increase of stuff in the markets, both used and new, is attributed to the increased

Business - Project Management Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business - Project Management - Dissertation Example Project management includes developing a project plan, which includes defining and confirming the project goals and objectives, identifying tasks and how goals will be achieved, quantifying the resources needed, and determining budgets and timelines for completion† (All about Project Management n.d.). 25 Research Design and Methodology: 27 2.6 Methodology: 27 2.7 Research Design: 27 2.7.1 Operations and Lean Strategies: 27 2.7.2 Developments and Project Management Principles: 28 2.8 Analysis Strategy: 29 2.9 Validity and Reliability 30 2.10 Summary 30 2.11 TBD 30 2.12 TBD 30 2.13 TBD 30 2.14 TBD 30 2.15 Results Model (TBD) 30 2.16 Summary 30 3 Discussion 30 3.1 TBD 30 3.2 TBD 31 3.3 Summary 31 4 Conclusions: 31 4.1 Summary of Conclusions: 31 4.2 Weaknesses of the Research: 31 4.3 Future Research 31 4.4 Summary and Concluding Remarks 31 Figure 1 - Toyota Production System (King 2009, p. 9). 13 Figure 2 - Project Management Triangle (Phillips 2007): 19 Figure 3 - Improvement Meth odology (Freire & Alarco'n 2002, p. 250). 29 1 Introduction: This dissertation is a case study of an exploration and production company in the Oil & Gas Industry that has operations in six Continents. The remainder of this document will refer to make reference to the subject of this Case Study as â€Å"The Company†. The Company has more than 50 years of history and aspires to be a leading Independent Global Exploration and Production Company (IOC). In this effort, it has grown its global production from 200,000 barrels per day in the year 2000 to more than 400,000 barrels of oil per day today. The ability for a company to grow its sales by six percent a year average over 12 years is stellar achievement, as changes in the industry make increases in production more difficult. Marathon Oil, according to Gelsi (2011), had a target growth of three to five percent for the same period and has only recently increased their target growth. This is a clear indication of the dedication t o performance of The Company during the period that allowed it to exceed the expectations of its peers during difficult times in the Oil Industry. The Oil Industry has changed over time and the number of large oil discoveries made in recent years continues to fall. Ibrahim (2007) explains that the percentage of large oil finds has fallen dramatically and most large findings are natural gas and are located in deep water or other high cost operating areas. IOC’s must adjust to the changing environment in which large discoveries are rare. A second issue that has a detrimental impact on IOC’s profitability is the Nationalization of the existing oil fields. The Nationalization of 65% of the World’s Oil fields (Fox, 2007) has dramatically changed the competitive environment for the Independent Oil Company (IOC). This reduces the number of opportunities for the Independent Oil Company and increases the level of competition between them. The increased competition caused by Nationalization has resulted in most IOC’

Creative use of English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Creative use of English - Essay Example The use of language in Rebecca can be best understood when approached phenomologically as they reflect the perception of the perceiver and seemingly constitutes a prototype that is culturally defined and generated infinitely everytime there is an attempt at understanding it through the process of cognition. Thus cognition and language play are essential categories that wrestle dialogically until a decision in sentence production is taken everytime to fix or anchor authorial intent. But it does not rest there, as cognition is also an attempt to translate all linguistic and communicative possibilities for each level of word play or use at the lexical stage and at the level of poetic metaphor and metonymy at the semantic level. "It is clearly understood that one of the qualities that all languages have in common is their "creative" aspect. Thus an essential property of language is that it provides the means for expressing indefinitely many thoughts and for reacting appropriately in an indefinite range of situations" (Chomsky, 1965) Chomsky unlike Humboldt argues for the necessity of a universal grammar, which must accompany a generative grammar that "assigns to each of an infinite range of sentences a structural description indicating how this sentence is understood by the ideal speaker hearer" and is also "perfectly explicit" (Chomsky, 1965). Humboldt talks about the truly creative aspect of man's cognitive faculty and how man resolves particular creative challenges given to them since language cease to be just syntagmatic and paradigmatic modes of representations and enter the reader's "horizon of expectations" (Jauss, 1982) and self-conscious-ness as Hegel situates it. Thus the cognitive "potentialities" (Jauss, 1982) as per the Reader-response theory are derived out of cumulative responses of readers and hence is rests outside the individual mental struggle with understanding and is thus more result oriented. But cognitive approach concerns itself more with the working understanding of the mind as it tries to derive and synthesize meanings out of language that are creatively distorted beyond their functional and immediate lexical meanings and also not quite semantically or culturally relevant but intertwined with the progress and context or mood of the narrative itself. Thus in Rebecca, word play, unlike say as used in Finnegans Wake by Joyce is less a universalization of the protean qualities of dream. Both the novels use creativity through language to represent the conventions and the workings of the sleeping mind that are communicative but in a many possible ways. Cognition thus comes when language is embedded in a larger social or narrative context and faces danger in a new usage that challenges it to redefine language use and deconstruct all grammatical pragmatism. Thus new semantic domains can be best analyzed through deep introspection and understanding of reader's role in interpreting metaphors while deciphering language. Metaphors are thus the dominant demarcators of new language constructions that lack any objective ready meaning and rests mainly on conceptualization, categorization, grammaticalization and the use of language for communication of meaning. It lacks any older positivist paradigms of linguistics and archetypal expressions. Rebecca uses an archetypal imagery of dream sequence to indulge into creative language play so as to

Live Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Live Art - Essay Example Modern performance art dwells on current political topics and tries to illustrate them employment various techniques. In this essay I will attempt to focus my attention primarily of the visual arts and how they passed through an evolutional process in the 20th century. Although I partially agree with the statement that Goldberg (2001) makes that performance art is a medium with endless variables, almost no barrier, crossing all known taboos, and eventually borders with anarchism, I will try to pose the contra-argument that those alternations are caused by the fast-revolving global cultural, political and social life and consequently is a process which barely faces intentional directions. The term "performance art" was first used in the 1960's in the United States. Originally, the term referred to any live artistic event which engaged musicians, poets, film makers and so on (Goldberg, 2001). However, there were earlier forms of visual arts, for example the live performances of the Dadaists which was a combination of poetry and visual arts. Another example that Goldberg (2001) cites are the German Bauhaus, who established a theater workshop in order to examine the bonds between sound, space and light. Although, there were various other art performances the term hadn't been coined until the 1960s. By the 1970's the performance art idea spread as a worldwide acknowledged word which with the time began to be treated as a commodity - traded, advertised and sold (Goldberg, 2001). Consequently, the performance artists instilled in their art the direct contact with their audience through the public forum. This evolution of the performance art, eliminated the requirement to f or galleries, agents and brokers to act as mediators between the artists and their audience. On one hand, this opened the art to the general public and aided the artists to maintain a more real contact with their admirers, on the other this process destroyed all aspects of the capitalism and gaining profits from the artists. The main characteristics of the performance art are that: It is in live; There are no specific rules or guidelines, the art is experimental and if the artist says it is art, then it is; It is not for sale, though there might be admission tickets or included film right; It may contain painting or sculpture, music, dance, opera, film footage, poetry, dialogue, live animals, fire and everything that crosses one's mind; It is a legitimate artistic movement and there are many institutions where it is taught as a degree course; It is amusing, shocking, terrifying, entertaining and memorable. The most memorable and affirmative definition that I found about visual art is, is given by Goodman (1982). The comments: "What we know through art is felt in our bones and nerves and muscles as well as grasped by our minds . . . all the sensitivity and responsiveness of the organism participates in the invention and interpretation of symbols (pp.198 - 199)." That is true about performance art is that it is influential, because it reaches everyone, because they can perceive it with their senses and react to the feelings that the art evokes in them. Goodman (1982) a philosopher most of all, notably remarks that visual art is riddled with "philosophic faults and aesthetic absurdities (p. 191)." We can refer the aesthetic absurdities to the quote that Goldberg (2001) stating that art in the 20th century resembles anarchy. If analyzed from a artistic point of view anarchy means performances combined

Social Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Social Media - Essay Example Social media is such a rich source of information that it has become very easy for people to know the root-causes of problems, and make informed decisions as to what side they should support. Just like everything has certain positive and negative aspects to it, social media also has both kinds of effects on the society. Positive effects of social media include creation of awareness in the society regarding the real issues whereas the negative effect of social media is primarily the disorganized and uncivilized retaliation and protest of the people after they realize the potential ways in which they have been targeted. Positive Effects of Unbiased Reporting by Social Media Creation of Awareness in the Society about the Real Issues News channels like CBS and Fox News have lost credibility in the eyes of public since people learnt how these channels have tried to manipulate them and feed them with wrong information about the threats to the USA from Iraq, when there were none. There are a lot of ways in which the television channels tend to dodge the audiences in order to streamline their perceptions according to their agenda. An example of the ways in which the television channels play with the audiences is here; â€Å"The Big Three (ABC, CBS, NBC) Wednesday evening newscasts devoted more than 9 minutes (9 minutes, 28 seconds) to the flap over Mitt Romney's statement criticizing the administration's handling of the Libyan crisis but spent just 25 seconds on questions regarding Barack Obama's Middle-East policy, a greater than 20-to-1 disparity† (Dickens). This was intentionally done to make the audiences’ attention increasingly diverted towards Romney’s criticism of Obama’s policies and at the same time male the audiences overlook or pay least attention towards the Middle-East policy of the president. In many cases, interests of the television channels are aligned with the interests of specific political parties either in charge or in o pposition and the channels make use of its programs include talk shows, news, and discussions to brainwash the audiences in the best interest of the political parties which the channels serve. There are numerous factors that contribute toward making the news spread through social media more reliable. A person’s profile on such a social media website as Facebook is essentially his/her virtual identity. People know him/her in the virtual world by that profile. Owing to this fact, people tend to remain as much truthful and honest in the expression of their views and opinions on the social media websites as possible because whatever they write on their profile has an effect on their image in the public eye. In order to construct good image and avoid their image from getting tarnished in the public eye, people support what is right and condemn what they really think is wrong on the ethical grounds. Another concrete example of reliability of social media is that it is a fairly accu rate medium where one can learn cultural perceptions about the latest events around the world as well as debatable topics like gay marriage and euthanasia. All one needs to do is read the comments under the videos on Youtube, and one can know what the people of a certain country generally think about a certain issue. Not only can one understand the generic

Translation and Half-caste Essay Example for Free

Translation and Half-caste Essay Half-Caste is a poem written by John Agard. It presents another culture through dialect and uses complicated terminology. The poem is quite emotional and John Agard uses many techniques to present his ideas and views on Half-Caste. The poem is all about the different definitions of Half-Caste, it is undefined. Agard compares the word half-caste to Tchaikovsky’s piano, Picasso’s canvas and English weather. Firstly, John Agard uses rhetorical questions throughout the poem; ‘what yu mean?’ this shows that nobody knows what Half-Caste means it is down to the reader’s own opinion. This is repeated a lot throughout the poem. Rhetorical questions were very effective in this poem as it made the reader think imagine what the phrase half-caste means. Another technique that Agard uses is repetition; ‘what yu mean when yu say half-caste’. This demonstrates that John wants to emphasise this phrase. Repetition helps the reader to think about what half-caste actually means because it shows that there is no real definition and that it is the reader’s own interpretation of the word. The poet tells the poem in a confronting way because he uses the word ‘Half-Caste’. The poem is confrontational because the poem is coming across in an argumentative way especially against those who are half-caste. This could offend some people so the reader may think that, Half-Caste could be quite offensive. Half-Caste has many emotional thoughts. For example; is there anything wrong with the term ‘Half-Caste’, is it insulting, is he proud. A mixture of emotions are used here, including tension and anxiety, anger and also happiness. John Agard presents his ideas in a confusing way. The reader would think this because he does not actually know what half-caste means but yet writes a poem about different views of the term half-caste. He also writes the poem as a past experience as if he was a victim of racism. Agard uses things associated with half-caste so maybe he has been affected; ‘one leg’, ‘half of mih ear’, ‘half of mih eye’, ‘half-a-hand’. This shows that Agard must understand what half-caste is all about but he signals that half-caste is undefined without saying it in the poem. John Agard is very open-minded during the poem; ‘an I will tell yu de other half of my story’. This could show that there is another half to his story and that there may be a more cheerful side of his story. These words show that you should not judge people if you do not know them and don’t be judgemental. It does not matter what race or culture you are, be mindful. Agard uses insults to present his views on the term Half-Caste; ‘ah rass’. This could be offensive and cause anger towards the reader. The poem suggests that the reader only knows the definition of half-caste if you are half-caste. It is outsmarting all of the racist people because racist people may find the poem an insult. In the poem, the reader thinks it suggests that everything is a bit mixed up but it does not matter because everyone is unique and different. In conclusion, John Agard uses a variety of effective techniques to present the ideas and views to the reader. The reader thinks that the poem is quite confusing in the way it is written because it compares lots of things that the reader is not entirely sure define the term Half-Caste. The reader likes the way that Agard writes the poem as a past experience. Agard uses many techniques such as rhetorical questions and repetition which makes the reader think but also makes the poem flow well. Overall, the reader thinks that Half-Caste is a good poem that explains the different meanings of Half-Caste.